Longitudinal Follow-Up of Death Anxiety and Psychophysical-Symptom Experience of Participants in the Silent Mentor Program.

This study assessed death anxiety (Death Anxiety Questionnaire, DAQ) and psychophysical- (psychological and physical) symptom experience following cadaveric dissection among the Silent Mentor Program (SMP) participants before thawing (T1), after the suturing, dressing and coffining session (T2), and one month post-program (T3). There was a significant decline in the total DAQ score comparing T1 and T2 (t = 7.69, p < 0.001) and T2 and T3 (t = 5.00, p < 0.001) and T1 and T3 (t = 10.80, p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in total psychological-symptom score comparing T1 and T2 (t = 4.92, p < 0.001) and between T1 and T3 (t = 4.85, p < 0.001). However, for the physical-symptom experience, a significant increase in the physical-symptom score between T1 and T2 (t = -3.25, p = 0.001) was reported but the scores reduced significantly one month after the program (T2-T3; t = 4.12, p < 0.001). The mentoring concept of the SMP program has beneficial effects on improving attitude towards death and psychophysical-symptom experience associated with cadaver dissection.

[Stress and pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of psychosomatic disease].

According to the biopsychosocial model, disease is the dysfunctional resultant of various fields of human function (biological, psychological, behavioral, socioeconomic). This article deals with the psycho-biological field of Psychosomatic research, namely, the effect of stress on the body. The human organism, in the prospect of evolution, has developed biological mechanisms for maintaining its homeostasis (οµοιόσταση), in its interchange with the stressor stimuli. This process is called allostasis. The response to mild - short-term stress induces activation of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis, the sympathetic system and the immune system; a process that proves beneficial to the body. On the contrary, exposure to traumatic or chronic stress, with subsequent overactivation of the body's allostatic mechanisms, wears out its homeostatic ability and initiates pathophysiological mechanisms that pave the way for the development of physical and mental illness. The above procedure is called allostatic load or, in its most severe form, allostatic overload. More specifically, the experience of traumatic stress, either in childhood or in adulthood, induces dysregulation of neuroendocrine pathways in the Central Neural System (CNS), as well as immune dysfunction, and is associated with more frequent development of psychiatric and medical pathology, in a dose-dependent way. On the other hand, exposure to chronic repetitive stress induces neurobiological lesions at the level of the CNS, which undermine the body's very ability to respond to stress. At the same time, chronic stress has been associated with increased morbidity from major medical disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, through a variety of pathophysiological pathways. Finally, chronic stress causes dysfunction of the body's immuno-protective mechanisms, while at a cellular level, it induces oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. However, regardless of the quantity and quality of the stressor stimuli, it has also emerged that the individual's personal characteristics judge the vulnerability to stress, too. Psychiatrists must insist on the scientific documentation of the biopsychosocial model, so that they can raise awareness amongst the medical community, aiming at a holistic care of the patients.

[Impact of the lockdown on children and families: a survey of family pediatricians within a community.] / Impatto del lockdown sui bambini e sulle famiglie: un'indagine dei pediatri di famiglia all'interno di una comunità.

OBJECTIVES: The recent lockdown, resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, has had a strong social and psychological impact on the most fragile individuals and family structures. In the present work we investigated the experience of families without specific elements of social or health vulnerability during the quarantine period that occurred in the spring of 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May and July 2020, 22 primary care pediatricians belonging to AUSL Romagna administered to a number of families a questionnaire to detect changes that occurred, during the lockdown, in family environment, school attendance and personal attitudes. RESULTS: A total of 721 questionnaires were collected, analyzing the associations between variables relating to home environment, daily rhythms, school and warning signs in relation to the age of children. As a result of the lockdown, family habits changed in 31% of cases, with a greater presence of the reference figure in 68% of these. Three out of four families reported they had sufficient domestic spaces, and nine out of ten had access to an outdoor, private or condominium space. Daily rhythms were preserved in 56.7% of cases; mood disorders appeared in 30% of adolescent children, followed by sleep, appetite and psychosomatic disorders. One in three children has made progress in terms of evolution and behavior, and one in 5 children has seen their relationships improve. The overall resilience of families during the lockdown period was considered good in 66.3%, sufficient in 31.3% and not satisfactory in only 2.4% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that, in the interviewed families, the simultaneous presence of adults and children at home has generally intensified. Families refer, on the whole, a positive and resilient behavior in the lockdown period, even if initial emotional problems are reported in one out of three children-adolescents. The ability to maintain a family organized structure seems to be partially compromised. Forced cohabitation leads to competition for the same resources of time and space and affects the entire family unit. The school institution emerges as a protective factor for children, young people and also for the well-being of families themselves.

Role of Yoga and Meditation as Complimentary Therapeutic Regime for Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Utilization of Brain Waves Activity as Novel Tool.

During recent decades, stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, chronic tension headache, and migraine have established their stronghold in the lives of a vast number of people worldwide. In order to address this global phenomenon, intensive studies have been carried out leading to the advancement of drugs like anti-depressants, anxiolytics, and analgesics which although help in combating the symptoms of such disorders but also create long-term side effects. Thus, as an alternative to such clinical practices, various complementary therapies such as yoga and meditation have been proved to be effective in alleviating the causes and symptoms of different neuropsychiatric disorders. The role of altered brain waves in this context has been recognized and needs to be pursued at the highest level. Thus, the current study provides a review focused on describing the effects of yoga and meditation on anxiety and depression as well as exploring brain waves as a tool for assessing the potential of these complementary therapies for such disorders.

[Social determinants of psychological distress and stress in men who perpetrate family violence in Mexico City]. / Determinación social del malestar psicológico y el estrés en hombres que ejercen violencia familiar en la Ciudad de México.

The social determinants of psychological distress and stress are described and analyzed in two groups of men attending reeducation programs for family violence in Mexico City. A non-experimental, descriptive, transversal study was conducted employing a qualitative methodology and an interpretive approach, in which questionnaires were utilized and focus groups were held. Symptoms of stress that were reported included muscle aches, insomnia and nightmares, headaches or dizziness, irritability or bad mood, nausea, stomach pain and indigestion. The principal issues that could be identified as the root of these symptoms included personal and family finances, their own health or that of their family members, and mental distress, among others. Differences with respect to living conditions and the effects of domestic violence were present. We argue that initiatives directed at men and their particular conditions and problems which are based on a hegemonic view of masculinity and gender are likely to be limited in their capacity to explain and modify the causes of situations generated by and experienced by men.

El objetivo es describir y analizar la determinación social del malestar psicológico y el estrés en dos grupos de hombres de la Ciudad de México que asistían a programas reeducativos por violencia familiar. Para ello, se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, descriptivo con metodología cualitativa y enfoque interpretativo, en el que se aplicó un cuestionario y se realizaron grupos focales. Los síntomas de estrés reportados fueron dolores musculares; insomnio y pesadillas; náuseas, dolor de estómago e indigestión; dolores de cabeza, mareos, irritabilidad o mal humor. Los principales problemas que podrían estar generando esta sintomatología serían la economía personal y familiar; la salud de ellos y sus familiares y los malestares mentales, entre otros aspectos. Existen diferencias relacionadas con las condiciones de vida y los efectos de la violencia doméstica. Los abordajes que solo consideran la masculinidad hegemónica o el género para el trabajo con varones en sus diferentes condiciones y problemáticas, sin considerar la desigualdad social y, en especial, las condiciones de vida, pueden ser insuficientes para explicar y modificar las causas de las afectaciones generadas y experimentadas por los varones.

Functional somatic illnesses in patients with functional bowel disorders. A cross-sectional cohort study in western Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in Saudi patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with IBS treated at a private tertiary medical center in western Saudi Arabia between 2013 and 2017. We used ROME 3 criteria with data from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale, and International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) to assess the prevalence of psychosomatic illness. Statistical analysis of frequency and statistical correlation was performed using Chi-square. Results: The final analysis of 307 patients revealed a combined 425 diagnoses of psychosomatic illness, including diagnoses of headache in 104 patients (34%), migraine in 93 patients (30.5%), fibromyalgia in 169 patients (55%), and depression in 59 patients (19%). There was a statistically significant correlation between patients' ages and diagnoses of joint pain and migraines. Conclusion: Fibromyalgia and headache disorders were common in this cohort of Saudi patients with IBS. This coexistence of illness is partly explained by the functional nature of these illnesses. Collective efforts to provide multidisciplinary care is needed for these patients.

Functional Stroke Symptoms: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Model.

Stroke services have been reconfigured in recent years to facilitate early intervention. Throughout stroke settings, some patients present with functional symptoms that cannot be attributed to a structural cause. Emphasis on fast diagnosis and treatment means that a proportion of patients entering the care pathway present with functional symptoms that mimic stroke or have functional symptoms in addition to vascular stroke. There is limited understanding of mechanisms underlying functional stroke symptoms, how the treatment of such patients should be managed, and no referral pathway or treatment. Predisposing factors vary between individuals, and symptoms are heterogeneous: onset can be acute or insidious, and duration can be short-lived or chronic in the context of new or recurrent illness cognitions and behaviors. This article proposes a conceptual model of functional symptoms identified in stroke services and some hypotheses based on a narrative review of the functional neurological disorder literature. Predisposing factors may include illness experiences, stressors, and chronic autonomic nervous system arousal. Following the onset of distressing symptoms, perpetuating factors may include implicit cognitive processes, classical and operant conditioning, illness beliefs, and behavioral responses, which could form the basis of treatment targets. The proposed model will inform the development of theory-based interventions as well as a functional stroke care pathway.

Psychological and Psychosomatic Symptoms of Second Victims of Adverse Events: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Despite growing interest in the second-victim phenomenon and greater awareness of its consequences, there has not been a meta-analysis quantifying the negative impact of adverse events on providers involved in adverse events. This study systematically reviewed the types and prevalence of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms among second victims. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of nine electronic databases up to February 2017, without restrictions to publication date or language, examining also additional sources (e.g., gray literature, volumes of journals). Two reviewers performed the search, selection process, quality assessment, data extraction, and synthesis. We resolved disagreements by consensus and/or involving a third reviewer. Quantitative studies on the prevalence of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms of second victims were eligible for inclusion. We used random effects modeling to calculate the overall prevalence rates and the I statistic. RESULTS: Of 7210 records retrieved, 98 potentially relevant studies were identified. Full-text evaluation led to a final selection of 18 studies, based on the reports of 11,649 healthcare providers involved in adverse events. The most prevalent symptoms were troubling memories (81%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 46-95), anxiety/concern (76%, 95% CI = 33-95), anger toward themselves (75%, 95% CI = 59-86), regret/remorse (72%, 95% CI = 62-81), distress (70%, 95% CI = 60-79), fear of future errors (56%, 95% CI = 34-75), embarrassment (52%, 95% CI = 31-72), guilt (51%, 95% CI = 41-62), and sleeping difficulties (35%, 95% CI = 22-51). CONCLUSIONS: Second victims report a high prevalence and wide range of psychological symptoms. More than two-thirds of providers reported troubling memories, anxiety, anger, remorse, and distress. Preventive and therapeutic programs should aim to decrease second victims' emotional distress.

What Does Neuroscience Tell Us About the Conversion Model of Functional Neurological Disorders?

A dualistic mind-body understanding of functional neurological disorders (FNDs), also known as conversion disorders, has led to the view that the cause of the symptom should be either psychological (psychogenic) or physical (neurogenic-"organic"). One of the most influential psychological approaches is the Freudian model of conversion, which suggests that FNDs arise from a defense process in which emotional stress is converted into physical symptoms. This conversion theory has been challenged in recent years, accompanied by a shift in emphasis toward neuropathophysiological models of FND and away from historical psychological concepts. In this review, the authors consider the contemporary relevance of the conversion model from the neuroscientific perspective to reconcile the role of both psychological and biological factors in FND. A narrative review of recent neuroscientific findings pertaining to the conversion model of FND, encompassing neuroimaging, cognitive psychology, biological markers, and epigenetic studies, was performed. Research on the role of psychological stressors is discussed. Neurobiological mechanisms of repression of traumatic memories and their translation into physical symptoms are then explored. Finally, the role of physical symptoms as a potential protective defense mechanism against social stressors is considered. The authors argue that the conversion concept is consistent with recent neuroscientific research findings, and the model allows psychological and neurobiological concepts to be reconciled within a single account of FND that begins to resolve the dualistic mind-body dichotomy.

Functional Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease and Functional Parkinsonism: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: Whereas functional symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), a parkinsonian syndrome may occasionally reflect a pure functional disorder (also named functional parkinsonism [FP]). This review aimed to decipher these entities to clarify the link between functional manifestations and PD. METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, the authors performed a systematic literature search of the PubMed and Science Direct databases for the period 1988 to December 2018 to identify studies of patients with either FP or PD associated with functional neurological symptoms. RESULTS: From the 844 articles screened, 22 were retained, including 12 studies of functional neurological symptoms in PD and 16 studies of FP. The studies of functional symptoms in PD included 121 patients-57% were women, and the mean age was 61.3 years. Psychiatric history (mostly depression) and exposure to triggering stressors were frequent: 60% and 82.5%, respectively. The most common symptom was tremor (33.8%), most often located on the side most affected by PD (50%). Studies of FP included a total of 120 patients-62% were women, and the mean age was 50.7 years. The first FP symptoms appeared on average 5 years before diagnosis, with an abrupt onset in half the cases; 67.6% had a psychiatric history, and 46.8% were exposed to triggering stressors, such as physical injury, stress at work, or loss of family or friends. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a possible relationship between PD and FP. Clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of functional symptoms in PD patients.

Determinación social del malestar psicológico y el estrés en hombres que ejercen violencia familiar en la Ciudad de México / Social determinants of psychological distress and stress in men who perpetrate family violence in Mexico City

RESUMEN El objetivo es describir y analizar la determinación social del malestar psicológico y el estrés en dos grupos de hombres de la Ciudad de México que asistían a programas reeducativos por violencia familiar. Para ello, se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, descriptivo con metodología cualitativa y enfoque interpretativo, en el que se aplicó un cuestionario y se realizaron grupos focales. Los síntomas de estrés reportados fueron dolores musculares; insomnio y pesadillas; náuseas, dolor de estómago e indigestión; dolores de cabeza, mareos, irritabilidad o mal humor. Los principales problemas que podrían estar generando esta sintomatología serían la economía personal y familiar; la salud de ellos y sus familiares y los malestares mentales, entre otros aspectos. Existen diferencias relacionadas con las condiciones de vida y los efectos de la violencia doméstica. Los abordajes que solo consideran la masculinidad hegemónica o el género para el trabajo con varones en sus diferentes condiciones y problemáticas, sin considerar la desigualdad social y, en especial, las condiciones de vida, pueden ser insuficientes para explicar y modificar las causas de las afectaciones generadas y experimentadas por los varones.

ABSTRACT The social determinants of psychological distress and stress are described and analyzed in two groups of men attending reeducation programs for family violence in Mexico City. A non-experimental, descriptive, transversal study was conducted employing a qualitative methodology and an interpretive approach, in which questionnaires were utilized and focus groups were held. Symptoms of stress that were reported included muscle aches, insomnia and nightmares, headaches or dizziness, irritability or bad mood, nausea, stomach pain and indigestion. The principal issues that could be identified as the root of these symptoms included personal and family finances, their own health or that of their family members, and mental distress, among others. Differences with respect to living conditions and the effects of domestic violence were present. We argue that initiatives directed at men and their particular conditions and problems which are based on a hegemonic view of masculinity and gender are likely to be limited in their capacity to explain and modify the causes of situations generated by and experienced by men.

The aetiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: risk factors and comorbidities.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), also known as dissociative seizures, are paroxysms of altered subjective experience, involuntary movements and reduced self-control that can resemble epileptic seizures, but have distinct clinical characteristics and a complex neuropsychiatric aetiology. They are common, accounting for over 10% of seizure emergencies and around 30% of cases in tertiary epilepsy units, but the diagnosis is often missed or delayed. The recently proposed "integrative cognitive model" accommodates current research on experiential, psychological and biological risk factors for the development of PNES, but in view of the considerable heterogeneity of presentations and medical context, it is not certain that a universal model can capture the full range of PNES manifestations. This narrative review addresses key learning objectives of the ILAE curriculum by describing the demographic profile, common risk factors (such as trauma or acute stress) and comorbid disorders (such as other dissociative and functional disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, comorbid epilepsy, head injury, cognitive and sleep problems, migraine, pain, and asthma). The clinical implications of demographic and aetiological factors for diagnosis and treatment planning are addressed.

Implicações do ambiente, condições e organização do trabalho na saúde do professor: uma revisão sistemática / Implications of the environment, conditions and organization of work on teacher health: a systematic review

Resumo O estado da saúde do professor é fundamental para o êxito do processo de ensino. Além dos aspectos intrínsecos, o contexto escolar afeta o bem-estar do educador. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais fatores psicossociais, estruturais e relacionais na profissão docente. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com o uso de pesquisa eletrônica em oito bases de dados, identificou 2.479 artigos sobre o tema, publicados entre 1997 e 2016. Adotaram-se parâmetros métricos e subjetivos para a seleção nesse portfolio e, ao todo, 32 publicações restaram elegíveis para análise, das quais 29 foram publicadas na língua inglesa. Transcorrida a caracterização bibliométrica e de conteúdo do portfolio final, os trabalhos apontaram, como principais resultados de desgaste, os transtornos psicossomáticos, com ênfase para o estresse e a Síndrome de Burnout, além dos distúrbios da voz. A carga de trabalho, as relações interpessoais e as condições do ambiente escolar são destacadas como os maiores agentes dessas enfermidades. Mudanças e adequações de salas de aula, ações de prevenção e suporte social são apontadas como possíveis soluções para garantir a qualidade de vida desses profissionais.

Abstract The state of health of the teacher is fundamental to the success of the teaching process. In addition to the intrinsic aspects, the scholastic context affects the well-being of the educator. The objective of this study was to identify the main psychosocial, structural and relational factors in the teaching profession. A systematic review of the literature, with the use of electronic research in eight databases, identified 2,479 articles on the topic published between 1997 and 2016. Metric and subjective parameters were adopted for selection in this portfolio and, in all, 32 publications were eligible for analysis, of which 29 were published in English. After the bibliometric and content characterization of the final portfolio, the main results of strain were psychosomatic disorders, with an emphasis on stress and the Burnout Syndrome, as well as voice disturbances. Workload, interpersonal relations and conditions of the scholastic environment are highlighted as the major agents of these conditions. Changes and adaptations in classrooms, actions of prevention and social support are pointed out as possible solutions to guarantee the quality of life of these professionals.

[Implications of the environment, conditions and organization of work on teacher health: a systematic review]. / Implicações do ambiente, condições e organização do trabalho na saúde do professor: uma revisão sistemática.

The state of health of the teacher is fundamental to the success of the teaching process. In addition to the intrinsic aspects, the scholastic context affects the well-being of the educator. The objective of this study was to identify the main psychosocial, structural and relational factors in the teaching profession. A systematic review of the literature, with the use of electronic research in eight databases, identified 2,479 articles on the topic published between 1997 and 2016. Metric and subjective parameters were adopted for selection in this portfolio and, in all, 32 publications were eligible for analysis, of which 29 were published in English. After the bibliometric and content characterization of the final portfolio, the main results of strain were psychosomatic disorders, with an emphasis on stress and the Burnout Syndrome, as well as voice disturbances. Workload, interpersonal relations and conditions of the scholastic environment are highlighted as the major agents of these conditions. Changes and adaptations in classrooms, actions of prevention and social support are pointed out as possible solutions to guarantee the quality of life of these professionals.

O estado da saúde do professor é fundamental para o êxito do processo de ensino. Além dos aspectos intrínsecos, o contexto escolar afeta o bem-estar do educador. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais fatores psicossociais, estruturais e relacionais na profissão docente. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com o uso de pesquisa eletrônica em oito bases de dados, identificou 2.479 artigos sobre o tema, publicados entre 1997 e 2016. Adotaram-se parâmetros métricos e subjetivos para a seleção nesse portfolio e, ao todo, 32 publicações restaram elegíveis para análise, das quais 29 foram publicadas na língua inglesa. Transcorrida a caracterização bibliométrica e de conteúdo do portfolio final, os trabalhos apontaram, como principais resultados de desgaste, os transtornos psicossomáticos, com ênfase para o estresse e a Síndrome de Burnout, além dos distúrbios da voz. A carga de trabalho, as relações interpessoais e as condições do ambiente escolar são destacadas como os maiores agentes dessas enfermidades. Mudanças e adequações de salas de aula, ações de prevenção e suporte social são apontadas como possíveis soluções para garantir a qualidade de vida desses profissionais.

How I Thought Myself into Illness, Then Thought My Way Out.

When doctors couldn't find an explanation for my mysterious symptoms, including back pain, aching joints, and tingling limbs, I went on a quest to uncover the root causes. My journey took me from the West Coast to the East Coast, from physical therapists to psychiatrists, from the body to the mind, chronic pain to repressed emotions, existential crisis to posttraumatic growth.

Emotional and personality predictors that influence the appearance of somatic complaints in children and adults / Predictores emocionales y de personalidad que influyen en la aparición de las quejas somáticas en niños y en adultos

BACKGROUND: Personality and emotional factors may be contributing to the emergence of somatic complaints. The purpose of this study was to analyse the combined contribution of emotional awareness, moods and personality to somatic complaints in children and adults. METHOD: Participants were 1,476 children (M = 9.90 years, SD = 1.27, 52.10% girls) and 940 adults (M = 32.30 years, SD = 11.62, 64% women) who were administered self-reports. Analysis was performed using fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), an analytical technique that enables in-depth analysis of how a series of causal conditions contribute to a given outcome. RESULTS: Emotional awareness, moods and personality account for 59% of high levels of somatic complaints in children and 69% in adults. In both samples, interaction between low levels of emotional awareness, high levels of negative moods and low levels of positive mood, high levels of neuroticism and low levels of the other personality factors appear to lead to high levels of somatic complaints (children: raw coverage = .18, consistency = .95; adults: raw coverage = .15, consistency = .97). CONCLUSION: A similar contribution of emotional and personality components was found to explain somatic complaints in children and adults

ANTECEDENTES: la personalidad y los factores emocionales pueden estar contribuyendo a la aparición de quejas somáticas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la contribución combinada de la conciencia emocional, los estados de ánimo y la personalidad, a las quejas somáticas en niños y adultos. MÉTODO: los participantes fueron 1.476 niños (M = 9.90 años, DT = 1.27, 52.10% niñas) y 940 adultos (M = 32.30 años, DT = 11.62, 64% mujeres) y completaron auto-informes. Se utilizó fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), una técnica analítica que permite un análisis en profundidad de cómo una serie de condiciones causales contribuyen a un resultado dado. RESULTADOS: la conciencia emocional, los estados de ánimo y la personalidad explican el 59% de los altos niveles de quejas somáticas en niños y el 69% en adultos. En ambos, la interacción entre bajos niveles de conciencia emocional, altos niveles de estados de ánimo negativos y bajos niveles de estados de ánimo positivos, altos niveles de neuroticismo y bajos niveles de los otros factores de personalidad, parecen conducir a altos niveles de quejas somáticas (niños: raw coverage = .18, consistency = .95; adultos: raw coverage = .15, consistency = .97). CONCLUSIÓN: se encontró una contribución similar de los componentes emocionales y de personalidad a la explicación de las quejas somáticas en niños y adultos

Emotional and personality predictors that influence the appearance of somatic complaints in children and adults.

BACKGROUND: Personality and emotional factors may be contributing to the emergence of somatic complaints. The purpose of this study was to analyse the combined contribution of emotional awareness, moods and personality to somatic complaints in children and adults. METHOD: Participants were 1,476 children (M= 9.90 years, SD= 1.27, 52.10% girls) and 940 adults (M= 32.30 years, SD= 11.62, 64% women) who were administered self-reports. Analysis was performed using fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), an analytical technique that enables in-depth analysis of how a series of causal conditions contribute to a given outcome. RESULTS: Emotional awareness, moods and personality account for 59% of high levels of somatic complaints in children and 69% in adults. In both samples, interaction between low levels of emotional awareness, high levels of negative moods and low levels of positive mood, high levels of neuroticism and low levels of the other personality factors appear to lead to high levels of somatic complaints (children: raw coverage = .18, consistency = .95; adults: raw coverage = .15, consistency = .97). CONCLUSION: A similar contribution of emotional and personality components was found to explain somatic complaints in children and adults.